I was now able to trick the machine into thinking the door is closed by taping two magnets to the inside of the machine at the door detection module thanks to this thread
But this only confirms my assumption that this must be a software issue - the Door detection module is working perfectly fine, I was able to run M1010 in the Luban Console and it was showing the right door state even right after the machine booted (with one door open)
but it still wouldn’t let me use the laser.
Now with the magnets taped to the Door Detection module and door detection actually enabled the laser is working normal - I just hope that none of the magnets will fall of in the next 7 hours